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THE VIRGIN OF THE HOMELESS

Mare de Deu dels
Desamparats

The image of Our Lady of the Forsaken is the Basilica in the Plaza de la Virgen in the historic center of Valencia, next to the Cathedral. There is another image of the Virgin of the Helpless, called the pilgrims who travel through different areas, associations or institutions and chairs Valencia acts wherever it is requested. This image was sculpted by Octavio Vicent Valencia in 1966.

The image is popularly known as the "geperudeta" by adopting a slight forward lean, which makes it appear to have a small hump on the back. It is term of endearment used by Valencia.

The origin of what is past time would be the mainstay of worship and devotion to the image of the current patron saint of Valencia, was the sermon that Father Fray Joan Gilabert Jofré Mercy gave at the Cathedral of Valencia Sunday February 24, 1409 (XV century). While heading towards the Cathedral, Father Jofre saw how some guys beaten a mocking him insane. In his sermon the father called his parishioners to be charitable and take action for the poor sick abandoned and often abused and abuse. Soon a group of ten people led by Lorenzo bourgeois Salom father took up the challenge Jofre and using the Consell de la Ciutat, on 15 March that year formed a joint committee of elders and jurats that were put to work. The founders built a hospital out of his pocket. The new hospital would be called "Hospital Ignoscents, Folls and Orats" and was placed under the invocation of "Sancta dels Folls Dona Nostra, and Orats Innocents."

On February 26, 1410, Pope Benedict XIII issued the bull foundation for the creation of the Hospital. On March 15, 1410 the King of Aragon Martin the Humane granted the privilege of building the hospital (Hospital dels Ignoscents, Folls and Orats). The name of the founders stated in the actual document.

Soon after, to overcome the lack of financial means, are thought to create a brotherhood no limit to the social class or status of men and women. By paying dues, donations and charities could help overcome the cost and perform works of mercy to the sick in hospital and the dead.

On March 11, 1413 approving the creation of a brotherhood and August 1, 1414 the King of Aragon Fernando de Antequera approves the constitutions of the Brotherhood with the name "Dona Nostra Real Brotherhood of Sancta Maria dels Ignoscens martirs ". This act takes place in Morella in the presence of Pope Benedict XIII at the request of San Vicente Ferrer.

The Brotherhood, protect all the homeless, insane, foundlings, prisoners, providing poor maidens, protecting even the "fembres pecatrius of bordell" (prostitutes) located in the Barrio del Carmen to the eighteenth century.

Among the names of doctors who worked in Jaume Roig highlight Hospital between 1463 and 1478 and Lluís Alcanyís, which would end his days in the hands of the Inquisition.

not known exactly when it was made the picture and who was its author, however, several authors point out as probable dating since 1414. In any case, in 1426 has already in the inventory "of imatge bullrings going on." In successive terms is reference to other details of the image you give us an idea of \u200b\u200bwhat it was, how it was stored, what decorations carried by the festivities and what reforms was submitted. In 1451 the inventory accurately reflect the image: "Imatge of the Virgin Mary and the Jhs ab ab to the creu bras to coll e Ignocents to Peus and two angels."

From the earliest times, both institutions (Confraternity and Hospital) shall benefit from the protection and patronage of the Virgin Mary taking shape and the title of "Sancta Maria Dona Nostra Ignocents dels", which is sometimes added to " Folls "(crazy). Would later spread and popularize the "Desamparats" to in 1493, by royal edict of Ferdinand, it was decided that from then on was his image entitled Our Lady of the Forsaken.

In the early years, the Brotherhood had before an image painted on wood, perhaps a painting Valencia International Gothic or Italianate splint Byzantine tradition. In any case, the image was relegated from the mid-century and was destined to be placed on the corpses of the executed whose funeral was held the Brotherhood.

inventories in the first quarter century realizes another image of the Virgin and Child stone, very similar to the still existing "Primitive" Cathedral Museum in Segovia or the Virgen del Castillo de Cullera. However, they did not fulfill the requirements expected by the guild and asked another that could have all their own, along with the renewal of constitutions and privilege. All were granted and ratified by Alfonso Magnanimo on October 5, 1416.

Technical Despite what that is transformed by successive interventions that suffered during the XV and XVI is basically the original image. It is not carved in wood, but is modeled in cardboard with golden incarnation retouched at different times. Originally it was done in relief, working just the front with the folds of the garments, which are equal to those of other images of the era that also carried the Child. Such

unfinished post pictures were quite frequent. Some were used as reliquaries, with the back cast and rear hatch. Others were attached to altarpieces. In the case of the image of the Brotherhood, according to tradition and documentary evidence, accompanied the bodies of several dead, placing it on top of the coffin. In the fifteenth century was added a support for his move in procession and display for public veneration. Also added the mantle, which descended from the back and sides, but later covering it completely as the halo of stars and the crown. For a long time, the exhibition of the jewels of the image was made by overlapping bars.

As the image appeared on foot, when not used at funerals to conceal their flat backs are covered with a blanket which later began to shelter two innocent children, manifesting more even its title.

The image was badly damaged during the Civil War and was restored by José Maria Ponsoda, but given the similarity with the original image had disappeared, was commissioned a second restore the sculptor Carmelo Vicent.

gradually acquired aspect that is known to us. Their representation in paintings, prints, sculptures or other images that were made because of their veneration since the sixteenth century, show changes depending on periods and styles.

Iconography of Innocent Children The most peculiar of the iconography of the Virgin is the presence of children, the Holy Innocents, Martyrs, carrying lighted candles. There are only a symbol of the Brotherhood, but also carry the light of Christ. Appeared from the outset in the title of the Hospital of the Brotherhood and image, to finally join, with various shapes and positions, which I became one of the identifying features of the Virgin. Which has now belong to the eighteenth century. They are the symbol of every man in need of protection and shelter on high maternal.

Iconography of the Virgin internal dress or robe falls in folds to the feet, and has rounded neckline with a border, which tends to vary according to the interpretations. In most of them as well as in the original clothing is folded and hidden by the curvature of the mantle. In the image of Our Lady of the Forsaken the mantle appears to be closed, with large opening for the head and folded his arms out. Actually appears as a broad chasuble, Gothic, which was area cut by the arms, and thus took on the form known as "guitar." The corona is superimposed, unlike many images of the era that are included in the class.

In 1667, the statue was moved to its new Royal Chapel of the Plaza de la Seo (dels Tapiners present chapel) and in 1885, Pope Leo XIII proclaimed Our Lady of the Forsaken as patron of the city of Valencia, made it was mainly promoted by the dean daily Las Provincias de Valencia.

On October 15, 1921 Pope Benedict XV at the behest of the Archbishop of Valencia Enrique Reig Casanova made the solemn Pontifical Crowning of the image. In 1810 she was appointed Generalissimo of the English armies, placing the image sash and wand general, in 1947 it endorsed such an honor. In 1954 he was proclaimed Honorary and Perpetua Mayoress of Valencia and in 1961 proclaimed First and Chief Patron of the whole Valencia region.

"The Feren els Angels" Tradition has it that when members of the Brotherhood still had no picture or portrait of the Virgin, the father requested that it provide Jofre. Legend has it that the father made efforts to please them, and shortly after they received a picture saying that they had carved three pilgrims who had arrived a day the Hospital to seek refuge. Aware of the desire of the Brotherhood to take a picture of her boss and being themselves sculptors and painters, offered to make the image. The pilgrims asked to be left alone in a place called the Chapel, Chapel Capitulet today, compared to the Old Hospital, and nobody bothered them, except to serve food and materials needed. The same father Jofré performed this service for three days, and on the morning of the fourth day, anxious to see how the work developed, he entered the chapel, finding that the picture was finished and the pilgrims were missing. Hence the loving tradition of the "feren els Angels." Feast

Popular the second Sunday of May each year is the day called the "Mare de Deu" though the feast is done during the previous day, ie Saturday. On Sunday he made the move and the procession.
Among the various cultural events are held the traditional "dawn" in the "Nit de Alba", "Missa Descoberta" at dawn and the "Missa d'infants", at the dawn of Sunday, to which pilgrimages many visitors from all parts of the community and then transfer. In the afternoon the procession through the historic center of town. In it the image gets a bath flower petals decorated the streets leaving in its wake. From 1911 he began to build an altar of flowers annually in the Plaza de la Virgen. Other events to note are the floral offering to be held since 1943, the 17th and 18th March each year to celebrate the festival of San Jose and the offering of the children, held every Saturday in the Basilica of the real Virgin.
His feast until 1684 was celebrated on December 8 (Day of the Immaculate), from that date is celebrated on the second Sunday of May.

Popular Tradition says that the image is drawn image was lying, and that's why, when standing upright, his head is tilted. But in fact, there are insufficient grounds to support this assumption. It is true that the image used to be placed in the coffin of some dead, but the inclination of the head is connected with the name of the Virgin, which covers and protects the homeless, children who are given under his cloak. Given that sometimes the Virgin was placed on the coffin of a deceased, or was kept lying in state, were prepared to hold cushions your head, but the image of the Virgin was carved to be placed vertically.

Text: Visual Atlas of the Valencia Community. Las Provincias.

Crowning Hymn




the coronation anthem

Letra: Juan Garcia Jose Maria
Music: Luis Romeu
Year: 1921


Whilst Valencia
s'ampara ton low maint.
O, Virgin Subirana
land Llevant!

eastern revives the earth in thy Chapel
to make your tribute of pure and true love. "Since our Reyna
you and your beautiful image seems
Qu'est surrounded by magical shimmer.

The rose scented, mysticism açutcena,
it formed his orchard at the foot of thy altar, and fervent in them it
Valencian t'ofrena
holiest devotion that can profesar. In the regions of Valencia


faith to you dies, and your image

Santa always bring in the heart.

Hail, Queen of Heaven and earth
Hail, Lady of the Forsaken;
Hail, always adored patron;
Hail, Mother of good Valencia.